1926年春天,中华平民教育促进会总干事、美国耶鲁大学博士晏阳初,决定将在全国推行的平民教育运动深入到农村去。以解决旧中国普遍存在的愚、穷、弱、私的现状。在京的定县乡绅米迪刚,从国外留学回来后,曾经在自己的村子里搞过自治维新,他力邀晏阳初到自己的家乡定县搞平民教育。当时北京军政府官员看到了平教会在中国的巨大影响,想用800万元的代价,作为交换条件,让晏阳初脱离平教会,到军政服务。致力于为广大农民摆脱愚昧、贫穷、病弱、自私涣散的晏阳初,断然拒绝了军政官员的邀请。前来定州作社会调查为下一步全面开展工作打基础的晏阳初一行,亲眼看到了当时定州农民的真实状况,农民因为不识字而受到的愚弄和欺诈。一位名叫秦老窑的农民,在借高利贷时因为不认字,在写契约时被人家将20元写成200元,在还钱时才知道自己受了骗。他到县政府喊冤无门,面对家破人亡、妻离子散的现实,他想一死了之。他钻到前来迎接晏阳初和他的同事们的大车自尽,被晏阳初救起,并帮他伸清了冤枉,并在很短的时间里,让他学会了识字。在农村晏阳初还看到了一位产妇因为难产而死亡的过程,在她生死之交的紧要关头,她的家属和村民们,不是去找医生来抢救,而是请来了巫婆神汉跳神。在一片愚昧和无知中,这个年轻的孕妇丧失了年轻的生命。这给了晏阳初很大的刺激,但是农民们却习以为常、麻木不仁,这却成为了晏阳初平教运动下农村的动力。为了摆脱北京军政府的纠缠,经过全体同仁决定,将平教会总部搬到定州。当他们这些博士们来到定州之后,他们的行为并不被定州的老百姓接受,在经过了艰苦的努力之后,终于打开了局面。农民追求文化和文明的潜力被激发出来,平教会形成了蓬勃发展的局面。有了文化的农民对封建统制和权威,产生了巨大的威胁,那些掌握政权的人们,再也不能随便的愚弄人民。平教会成为了老百姓的主心骨。晏阳初下乡时误入泥绰,一位平教学员救了他,这个参加了平教学校的学员,虽然识字会念书本了,但是他还是一贫如洗。他问晏阳初识字不能够脱贫,这识字还有什么意义。这让晏阳初受到了很大的启发,单纯的识字并不能够让农民过上好日子。还要让他们有个生财之道。平教会一边致力于优良品种的培育,猪鸡品种的改革,还开办了木厂,铁厂和印刷厂等,让无地无业的人们来这里学一技之长。晏阳初还根据农民的实际情况,以平教同学会为主导,成立了生产合作社和信用合作社。春日,农民从信用社里贷款,秋后用劳动所得抵偿贷款,为了提高农民的收入,他们还组织农把棉花运到天津等大城市,提高农民的收入。他们的做法严重损坏了士绅们的利益,他们就通过县政府,发动了一场驱赶平教会的闹剧。在广大平教同学会的支持下,这次不法商户的阴谋被揭穿,他们的阴谋流产,平教会的威信日益高涨。为了挽救全县儿童的生命,为了制止正在发生的猩红热流行,晏阳初从北京协和医院请来了最好的医生和大批药品,人们都跪在他的面前称他为神人。平教会的成绩引起了各界的注意,国民政府任命晏阳初为县政研究院院长,并由平教会派人组成了定县实验县政府。掌握了政权的平教会把全力投入到了改善人民生活的努力之中,就在他们除旧布新的事业刚刚有了萌芽的时候,发生了卢沟桥事变,日本侵略军的炮火迫使经历了十年的定县实验中断。但是,从这里产生的定县经验,却随着晏阳初先生的足迹,传遍了非洲、东南亚、拉丁美洲等几十个国家,他本人也因为定县经验的巨大贡献,被评为和爱因斯坦齐名的世界十大名人之一。
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